REFLECTION

Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle

TASK..

Using Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle, please comment on the skills you have utilised within this project, the research you have carried out and how what you have learnt from working with others.

We will build on this further, once you have gathered feedback from your peers.

Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle was developed by Graham Gibbs in 1988 to give structure to learning from experiences. It offers a framework for examining experiences, and given its cyclic nature lends itself particularly well to repeated experiences, allowing you to learn and plan from things that either went well or didn’t go well. It covers 6 stages:

Description of the experience
Feelings and thoughts about the experience
Evaluation of the experience, both good and bad
Analysis to make sense of the situation
Conclusion about what you learned and what you could have done differently
Action plan for how you would deal with similar situations in the future, or general changes you might find appropriate.

ADD YOUR EXAMPLE

The Model

This model is a good way to work through an experience. This can be either a stand-alone experience or a situation you go through frequently, for example, meetings with a team you have to collaborate with. Gibbs originally advocated its use in repeated situations, but the stages and principles apply equally well for single experiences too. If done with a stand-alone experience, the action plan may become more general and look at how you can apply your conclusions in the future.

For each of the stages of the model, a number of helpful questions are outlined below. You don’t have to answer all of them but they can guide you about what sort of things make sense to include in that stage. You might have other prompts that work better for you.

Description

Here you have a chance to describe the situation in detail. The main points to include here concern what happened. Your feelings and conclusions will come later.

Helpful questions:

What happened?
When and where did it happen?
Who was present?
What did you and the other people do?
What was the outcome of the situation?
Why were you there?
What did you want to happen?

ADD YOUR EXAMPLE

Example of ‘Description’

Group work assignment

For an assessed written group-work assignment, my group (3 others from my course) and I decided to divide the different sections between us so that we only had to research one element each. We expected we could just piece the assignment together in the afternoon the day before the deadline, meaning that we didn’t have to schedule a time to sit and write it together. However, when we sat down it was clear the sections weren’t written in the same writing style. We, therefore, had to rewrite most of the assignment to make it a coherent piece of work. We had given ourselves enough time before the deadline to individually write our own sections, however, we did not plan a great deal of time to rewrite if something were to go wrong. Therefore, two members of the group had to drop their plans that evening so the assignment would be finished in time for the deadline.

Feelings

Here you can explore any feelings or thoughts that you had during the experience and how they may have impacted the experience.

Helpful questions:

What were you feeling during the situation?
What were you feeling before and after the situation?
What do you think other people were feeling about the situation?
What do you think other people feel about the situation now?
What were you thinking during the situation?
What do you think about the situation now?

ADD YOUR EXAMPLE

Example of ‘Feelings’

Group work assignment

Before we came together and realised we still had a lot of work to do, I was quite happy and thought we had been smart when we divided the work between us. When we realised we couldn’t hand in the assignment like it was, I got quite frustrated. I was certain it was going to work, and therefore I had little motivation to actually do the rewriting. Given that a couple of people from the group had to cancel their plans I ended up feeling quite guilty, which actually helped me to work harder in the evening and get the work done faster. Looking back, I’m feeling satisfied that we decided to put in the work.

Evaluation

Here you have a chance to evaluate what worked and what didn’t work in the situation. Try to be as objective and honest as possible. To get the most out of your reflection focus on both the positive and the negative aspects of the situation, even if it was primarily one or the other.

Helpful questions:

What was good and bad about the experience?
What went well?
What didn’t go so well?
What did you and other people contribute to the situation (positively or negatively)?

ADD YOUR EXAMPLE

Example of ‘Evaluation’

Group work assignment
The things that were good and worked well was the fact that each group member produced good quality work for the agreed deadline. Moreover, the fact that two people from the group cancelled plans motivated us to work harder in the evening. That contributed positively to the group’s work ethic. The things that clearly didn’t work was that we assumed we wrote in the same way, and therefore the overall time plan of the group failed.

Analysis

The analysis step is where you have a chance to make sense of what happened. Up until now, you have focused on details around what happened in the situation. Now you have a chance to extract meaning from it. You want to target the different aspects that went well or poorly and ask yourself why. If you are looking to include academic literature, this is the natural place to include it.

Helpful questions:

Why did things go well?
Why didn’t it go well?
What sense can I make of the situation?
What knowledge – my own or others (for example academic literature) can help me understand the situation?

ADD YOUR EXAMPLE

Example of ‘Analysis’

Group work assignment

I think the reason that our initial division of work went well was because each person had a say in what part of the assignment they wanted to work on, and we divided according to people’s self-identified strengths. I have experienced working this way before and discovered when I’m working by myself I enjoy working in areas that match my strengths. It seems natural to me that this is also the case in groups.

I think we thought that this approach would save us time when piecing together the sections in the end, and therefore we didn’t think it through. In reality, it ended up costing us far more time than expected and we also had to stress and rush through the rewrite. I think the fact we hadn’t planned how we were writing and structuring the sections led us to this situation.

I searched through some literature on group work and found two things that help me understand the situation. Belbin’s (e.g. 2010) team roles suggest that each person has certain strengths and weaknesses they bring to a group. While we didn’t think about our team members in the same way Belbin does, effective teamwork and work delegation seems to come from using people’s different strengths, which we did.

Another theory that might help explain why we didn’t predict the plan wouldn’t work is ‘Groupthink’ (e.g. Janis, 1991). Groupthink is where people in a group won’t raise different opinions to a dominant opinion or decision, because they don’t want to seem like an outsider. I think if we had challenged our assumptions about our plan – by actually being critical, we would probably have foreseen that it wouldn’t work. Some characteristics of groupthink that were in our group were: ‘collective rationalisation’ – we kept telling each other that it would work; and probably ‘illusion of invulnerability. – we are all good students, so of course, we couldn’t do anything wrong.

I think being aware of groupthink in the future will be helpful in group work, when trying to make decisions.

Conclusions

In this section, you can make conclusions about what happened. This is where you summarise your learning and highlight what changes to your actions could improve the outcome in the future. It should be a natural response to the previous sections.

Helpful questions:

What did I learn from this situation?
How could this have been a more positive situation for everyone involved?
What skills do I need to develop for me to handle a situation like this better?
What else could I have done?

ADD YOUR EXAMPLE

Example of a ‘Conclusion’

Group work assignment

I learned that when a group wants to divide work, we must plan how we want each section to look and feel – having done this would likely have made it possible to put the sections together and submit without much or any rewriting. Moreover, I will continue to have people self-identify their strengths and possibly even suggest using the ‘Belbin team roles’-framework with longer projects. Lastly, I learned that we sometimes have to challenge the decisions we seem to agree on in the group to ensure that we are not agreeing just because of groupthink.

Action plan

At this step, you plan for what you would do differently in a similar or related situation in the future. It can also be extremely helpful to think about how you will help yourself to act differently – such that you don’t only plan what you will do differently, but also how you will make sure it happens. Sometimes just the realisation is enough, but other times reminders might be helpful.

Helpful questions:

If I had to do the same thing again, what would I do differently?
How will I develop the required skills I need?
How can I make sure that I can act differently next time?

ADD YOUR EXAMPLE

Example of ‘Action Plan’

Group work assignment

When I’m working with a group next time, I will talk to them about what strengths they have. This is easy to do and remember in a first meeting, and also potentially works as an ice-breaker if we don’t know each other well. Next, if we decide to divide work, I will insist that we plan out what we expect from it beforehand. Potentially I would suggest writing the introduction or first section together first so that we have a reference for when we are writing our own parts. I’m confident this current experience will be enough to remind me to suggest this if anyone says we should divide up the work in the future. Lastly, I will ask if we can challenge our initial decisions so that we are confident we are making informed decisions to avoid groupthink. If I have any concerns, I will tell the group. I think by remembering I want the best result possible will make me be able to disagree even when it feels uncomfortable.

Different depths of reflection

Depending on the context you are doing the reflection in, you might want use different levels of details. Here is the same scenario, which was used in the example above, however it is presented much more briefly.

Short example of Gibbs’ reflective cycle:

ADD YOUR SUMMARY EXAMPLE – YOUR SCRIPT

Describe:

In a group work assignment, we divided sections according to people’s strengths. When we tried to piece the assignment together it was written in different styles and therefore we had to spend time rewriting it.

Feelings:

I thought our plan would work and felt good about it. When we had to rewrite it, I felt frustrated.

Evaluation:

The process of dividing sections went well. However, it didn’t work not having foreseen/planned rewriting the sections for coherence and writing styles.

Analysis:

Dividing work according to individual strengths is useful. Belbin’s team roles (2010) would suggest something similar. I have done it before and it seems to work well.

The reason piecing work together didn’t work was we had no plan for what it needed to look like. We were so focused on finishing quickly that no one would raise a concern. The last part can be explained by ‘groupthink’ (e.g. Jarvis, 1991), where members of a group make a suboptimal decision because individuals are afraid of challenging the consensus.

Conclusion:

I learned that using people’s strengths is efficient. Moreover, planning how we want the work to look, before we go off on our own is helpful. Lastly, I will remember the dangers of groupthink, and what the theory suggests to look out for.

Action plan:

I will use Belbin’s team roles to divide group work in the future. Moreover, I will suggest writing one section together before we do our own work, so we can mirror that in our own writing. Finally, I will speak my mind when I have concerns, by remembering it can benefit the outcome.

reflection-

For this topic, we had to meet with the client to understand what they wanted in the video/project and plan a rough storyboard, so we could then understand what to avoid when filming and what to add in. We then researched our location, weather and whatever else we needed. Finally, when it came to the filming, we got to our location on the date and filmed the best we could while it was raining off and on for a while, we got clips and even interviewed the client once more since the video was about his business and about other charities to stop/reduce plastic pollution. At first me and the group (the others) were tense and unsure of the plan but as we started to talk more, expand, and brainstorm our ideas. We understood that our idea was to show ways to take care of the beaches and what Charites do and how we as a community can come together and reduce and change our ways. We did find it difficult to express our opinions on how to film this because we were so anxious, but we have an idea how to make our next project even better. During the situation we were unsure but, in a way, confident the right message was going to be shown to our audience and we met the clients briefing and succeeded there even though I personally felt that if we spent longer as a group discussing and planning, we would have come to an agreement about how we would have filmed it and had more options/ back up plans in case one way did not work. Simply before and after had both given off strong feelings and discussions, firstly we did couldn’t see a clear picture in our head of the task and what our main goal was towards the end, secondly, I feel strongly that we should have pushed ourselves and stepped out of our comfort zones so next time around we can understand what we know and do not really understand and finally, after we discussed coming back from the shoot, I clearly thought that had met again the client’s needs, this gave me more confidence to sit down and edit and discuss with the group what could have been and what we needed to change. Other people disliked it strongly so much, so a few did not contribute all we like, we did talk about it after the first meeting with the client. They were all nervous about filming and had a lot of doubt weighing them down, however they concluded that next time we all share ideas, and all have apart so we will not all stress about the situation. Since we all edited it and took different approaches to the topic we have different opinions on the situation, they personally are still worried and stressed about the topic, but the client seems happy, but they wished we all had more time. I personally thought that the filming would not be the best however we tried our best, worked as a team and once again did what the client asked. The situation of the project has had many views and points from others but now we have finished the project and how we are waiting for feedback. We can now edit and discuss our project we also can go through the pros and cons of our ideas that we used and the ones we did not get to do so. Now that we are on the final stages of feedback and then we will be moving on everything has gotten easier because we can finally see what everyone else has made from our filming, whether it has “bad parts” or if it is professional. Things went well because we took time to brainstorm at first, worked out who would do what as well as whose ideas would take over the main project itself, even though we did all contribute to it, the sense of the situation now that it is complete. We can work as a team. We can now guide each other and help each other in projects to come not only that but we can now understand as a group and as our own people where and when we went wrong, we can take a lot from this project, we not only taught others about the risk, the problem, and the solutions with plastic pollution in our oceans is that we also learnt, saw from a whole other world.

What knowledge – my own or others (for example academic literature) can help me understand the situation?

Conclusion –

From the situation itself we, I have learnt a lot, I’ve learnt to share ideas, brainstorm faster than ever not only that but to unblock the “creative block” so that our ideas can come down on paper or where ever faster and seem stronger, have someone film a few clips each so we have more views to work from not only one person. This would have made the situation more positive because everyone has a different angle that way if I like it one way and someone else another, the person giving feedback or the client could agree with one of us and not the others. So, it’s important to see all ways before deciding on one main clip/idea.

What skills do I need to develop for me to handle a situation like this better?
The skills I personally need to work on is colour correction or even using the equipment e.g., microphones, gimbals. Because I’m not 100% confident on it and I could be better,

What else could I have done?

If I had to do this project again we would do more in depth work not just that but we would go on a better day because the rain personally ruined it for me also I would like to draw a mind map out with main ideas and even make a storyboard so we could understand the type of scenes and shots we were doing but we would do one each and bring our ideas together like we did just without the images because I know that some of the group would have understood the situation more and let them catch up. We would also have a main director because we would all try to put our ideas in at once, so communication would need to change if we would like to work together again but that is just a personal note. The way I will personally develop said skills to make our next/my next project is to practice in my own time whether that is just filming, I would also voice my ideas more because I felt that people did not get to voice their own opinions on things, however I can develop the said skills that I need by practice more often and going out of my way to do more, edit an already made clip, record something of my own and edit it, get used to equipment e.g., gimbal (since I’ve only used it once and that was after a task.) I can act differently by planning going to do more research about the topic or the person, the whole object of the topic if you will and take control and make sure the whole group has more to do and for each of us to interact with ideas more. I could write what I have done/ what I wanted and work from what I have that way e.g., I wanted a transition of someone drinking water and then dropping their bottle in the water and then the water coming in before ben’s name came up and what he does/what He is the founder of.

GROUP work-

finally as a group we divided filming different sections of the group, however beforehand we sat down together as a team and brainstormed and came up with an action plan.